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SUMMARY of the CHART: BEFORE THE FALL |
AFTER THE FALL |
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CONTACT (knowledge through direct sensory and extra-sensory experience) is made with the earth. |
NONCONTACT with the earth -- mind replaces experience as major source of knowledge. |
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Religion = music. Direct invocation of the forces of the earth through singing, dancing and drumming, leading to an altered consciousness state. |
Religion = words. No longer an individual, personal visionary experience. The sayings of prophets and teachers and revered holy books create a level of mental abstraction above experience. |
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Societies are tribal with a tribal structure closer to other primates. |
Societies develop complex class structures with a wealthy leisure group and a monarch who is often divine. |
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Focus of spiritual practice centers on cyclic rhythms of nature where there is birth, death and rebirth. Male and female deities both represented, often with differing, equal powers. |
Focus of practice shifts through desire to escape cyclic time and become eternal. A male deity is often the Supreme Being of the Universe. |
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Art is earth-centered and subservient to the natural world: images of sun, moon, animals, humans within nature. Drawings on boulders and cave walls, small carved stones, piled rocks, stone circles. |
Art and religion become a tool to glorify man: building colossal burial chambers for monarchs and the wealthy class. And express conquest of nature and earth: huge stones transported, shaped, arranged to make grand edifices. Huge stones carved into images of human-like gods and kings. |
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Tribes live in villages and fight wars over land rights, water sources, etc. |
Emperors and kings wage wars of conquest and dominance. The idea of "empire" is born centered first upon the great civilizations (cities): China, Athens, Rome, Persia, etc. and then upon a mental, religious or political ideology. |
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STONE AGE |
THE FALL
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IRON AND BRONZE AGES |
| MESOLITHIC 25,000BC |
NEOLITHIC 10,000BC |
PRE-PROPHET ERA 5,000BC - 1000AD |
PROPHET ERA 2,000BC - PRESENT |
| Hunters & gatherers | Farmers & herdsman | Increasingly complex stratified class structures in which obtaining food is no longer the major focus. | |
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Wanderers: follow animals and maturing of food plants
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Settle into villages for first time: begin agriculture and domestication of animals |
Rise of great "civilizations:" Egypt, Athens, Rome, Mayans, Persians, Chinese, etc. | |
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"Shamanic religion:" much free time between hunts and food gatherings. Everyone was a participant in religious rituals and ceremonies. No priests or intermediaries. Each person knew the true meaning of religion: transcendent ecstasy.
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"Priest religion:" No longer a lot of leisure time. Need to tend fields and herd animals. Development of specialization and the introduction of a class of priests who specialize in religious contacts and act as intermediaries for the tribeshamans, Druids, etc. |
Rise of privileged royal class of emperors, kings, Pharaohs often believed to be divine. Immense increase in slavery to build the tombs and burial pyramids of royalty. | Beginnings of democracy and religion for the masses. Christianity spread by Roman soldiers. Division of religion into popular and esoteric: the laws and beliefs that helped maintain society at large and a group of intense practitioners who lived in monasteries and had a higher understanding.
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| Religious focus: individual personal contact with immediate earth environment, with the earth forces and the sun, moon and stars. | Religious focus: contact with immediate earth environment. Particularly with calendars of the sun's and moon's cycles as expression of powers of the earth. | Religious focus: the aggrandizement of humans in huge monuments. Projection of human power into a pantheon of gods and goddesses that have human form. With Egyptians and Mayans, etc., the religion shifts from the cycle of birth, death and regeneration to a fixation upon death and transformation to the next world. Direct connection to the earth powers is lost. | Religious focus: upon a prophet and his teachings. Moses, Christ, Mohammed, Buddha. The earth is no longer sacred; books are sacred. |
| Ceremonies focus upon "calling in the animals" for successful hunts personal relationship to animals. | Ceremonies focus upon the vegetative cycle and fertility. Earth mother central figure. This is the period of those religions known as Goddess religions. | Ceremonies often focus upon the transmutation of royalty to the other-world. Belief that physical body and spirit or soul are linked. Thus need for mummification and limit of "official" religion to upper classes. |
Ceremonies based upon holy scriptures and the teachings of prophets. Belief in separation of material & spiritual thereby allowing everyone to enter next world. |
| Relationship to planet: connection to all living things. Paintings made on rocks and cave walls | Relationship to planet: connection to all living things. Paintings made on rocks and cave walls. Piled stones, stone circles, standing monoliths. | Relationship to planet: man begins to disconnect, to consider humans superior. Huge rocks taken from earth, shaped, carted hundreds of miles, reassembled to make pyramids and temples. |
Relationship to planet: Commandments, sacred texts, codes of law that are exclusively human-oriented. The connection to all living things and the sacredness of all life is excluded. |
| Occasional, or often, warring tribes. | Occasional, or often, warring tribes. |
Rise of the idea of "empires:" Alexander the Great and continuing to the present day. |
Conquests often associated with an abstraction: a religious, economic or philosophical ideology. |
| Use of language: Oral tradition; no written language. | Use of language: Oral tradition and the beginnings of written language. | Use of language: Oral tradition replaced by writing. |
Use of language: A "holy book(s)" becomes the center of the major religions and writing becomes "sacred." |